Homosexual Parents and Capability of Providing Care and Guidance Research Paper

Gay Parents and Capability of Providing Care and Guidance Needed by the Children - Research Paper Example Since gay child rearing has a huge impact over the sexual direction of the kids, numerous individuals are partiality with respect to lesbian and gay guardians. As a major aspect of securing the eventual benefits of the kids, gay guardians frequently misfortune physical authority or being precluded over the option to embrace youngsters (Appell, 2003). In actuality, Tobin and Mcnair (2009) contended that observational proof demonstrates that there is actually no solid proof for considering the sexual direction of guardians in surveying their capacity to embrace a kid. There are a few investigations uncovering that lesbians and gays are not permitted to child care or embrace kids for the explanation that gays are considered intellectually sick making lesbians less maternal when contrasted with ladies who are hetero. It is additionally conceivable that the kind of sexual relationship that gays and lesbians have for the most part permitted them brief period to be engaged with the genuine parent-kid connection. Unexpectedly, the investigation of Vanfraussen, Ponjaert-Kristofferson, and Brewaeys (2003) uncovered that the parent-kid communication among lesbian couples is reasonably equivalent to contrasted and the hetero guardians. In all actuality, there is no single experimental investigation that can demonstrate that lesbians and gays are not equipped for turning into a decent parent. In accordance with this, there are a few investigations indicating no critical distinction between the manner in which lesbians and hetero ladies could raise a kid nor there was any distinction in the psychological wellness state of the two gatherings of people.

Daddy, Vampires, Black Hearts Essays - Daddy, Sylvia Plath, Plath

Daddy, Vampires, Black Hearts Essays - Daddy, Sylvia Plath, Plath Daddy, Vampires, Black Hearts In the sonnet Daddy, Sylvia Plath says that there are ladies who, due to early molding, wind up without the devices to manage severe and controlling men. They are left inclination vulnerable and sad. For certain ladies, the battle is rarely settled, others take the greater part of a lifetime. For a fortunate few, they are conceded a respite. The speaker in this sonnet is Sylvia Plath. The sonnet depicts her sentiments of persecution and her fight to deal with the issues of this force unevenness. The sonnet likewise summons the battle numerous ladies face in a male commanded society. The contention of this sonnet is male power and control versus the privilege of a female to act naturally, to settle on decisions, and be liberated from male mastery. Plaths clashes start in her relationship with her dad and proceeds with her better half. The power of this contention is very clear as she utilizes models that can't be disregarded. The monstrosities of NAZI Germany are utilized as images of the ghastliness of male control. The consistent and devastating control of the male, as he brings mistreatment and misery into the lives of his ladies, is likened with the twentieth centurys most noticeably terrible period. Words, for example, Luftwaffe, panzerman, and Meinkampf look are utilized to descibe her dad and spouse just as all male control. The regular utilization of the word dark all through the sonnet passes on a sentiment of melancholy and suffocation. In the same way as other ladies in the public arena, we realize that Plath felt abused and smothered for an incredible duration by her utilization of the metaphor I have lived like a shoe for a long time poor and white, scarcely ready to breath or Achoo. The utilization of likenesses and illustrations for example, Chuffing me off like a Jew. A Jew to Dachau, Auschwitz, Belson. what's more, I figure I likely could be a Jew plainly shows the sentiments of anguished misery what's more, the tearing anguish she more likely than not felt. The imperishability of this sonnet is ensured as there will consistently be ladies who feel a similar torment that is portrayed. . Solid pictures are passed on all through the sonnet. The words marble- overwhelming, a.bag brimming with God passes on the omniscience of her dads authority and the largeness it burdened her for an incredible duration. The vampire who said he was you, also, drank my blood for a year, seven years on the off chance that you need to know depict her spouse and the capacity of male capacity to strip their very own individual feeling of themselves. The sonnet is written in verses of five short lines. These lines help me to remember a Mike Tyson hit, short yet incredibly amazing. A case of this If Ive executed one man Ive executed two The vampire who said he was you. The amazing symbolism of these lines overwhelms any of the rhyme plot. The tone of this sonnet is a grown-up inundated in shock. This outrage,at times, slips into the wails of a youngster. This is apparent by Plaths proceeded with utilization of the word daddy and the uncorrupt repitition You don't do, you don't do and Daddy, daddy, you charlatan. Dread from her youth moves her in headings that will take her a long way from herself. In one line in the sonnet she brings us obviously into the universe of a childs dread. She utilizes words that sound like the expressions of a kid gazing out at us from behind a bardwire catch I have consistently been terrified of you. This sonnet depicts a depressing image of life for certain ladies. Nonetheless, we realize that Plath had the option to determine her contentions. She states Daddy Ive needed to execute you and Daddy, you can lie back at this point. Theres a stake in your huge dark heart Athough apparently Plath has arrived at goals this isn't the situation for some ladies who end up under the thumb of a male. These ladies should look to this sonnet for help. It is a delightful contention that plainly shows that she climbed from complete control by a male to opportunity

10 Things I Learned about Sales from Selling Gum

10 Things I Learned about Sales from Selling Gum On March 7th, I joined a new group to hone my sales skills. Sales Lab, a class at The Wright Foundation, is a place to get coaching and accountability around my sales activities. On my first day, I was asked to share about my business for a few minutes, and then the leader said these terrifying words: “Your first assignment … is … to sell gum. You must sell it for no less than 25 cents per piece, and you are to sell it in as many different ways as possible, for as much as possible.” My heart rate skyrocketed. Sell gum? Are you kidding me? I learned from my dad at a young age that gum chewing was a bad thing, and that I should never do it. I can count on my two hands the number of times I have chewed gum in my life. And now I was going to sell it? Wow, maybe I wasn’t cut out for this. Then I remembered that I am someone who does not get stopped by fear â€" and that I could start with baby steps. So I called a friend, who connected me with another friend who works at Wrigley. She gave me some ideas of what could work best for selling gum. She warned me that gum does not sell well online. People like to have it in front of them for impulse purchases. Further research entailed a Facebook message asking my friends what their favorite gum was, and I immediately went out and bought the most popular ones. I wanted to have desirable gum in my possession when I asked people to make those impulse purchases! (A Facebook post asking people to buy gum predictably got exactly 0 responses, confirming the “in-person” hypothesis. But I’m going to try to disprove it â€" see below.) Hitting the Streets to Sell My first idea of how to sell gum for high prices was to sell it for charity. I thought it would be a lot easier to sell for a cause than just to walk up to people and ask them to buy gum for 25 ¢/piece. I started carrying gum everywhere. My first sale was in my yoga studio, where one of my fellow yoginis told me she would buy the gum so I would shut up (all in fun). I accepted her $5 check to give to the Clean Lakes Alliance. I continued asking people I know, and a few I didn’t, if they would like to buy gum to support the Clean Lakes Alliance. Pretty much everyone is a fan of this charity, so I didn’t have to work too hard. I raised over $100 in just a few days. I also brought gum to my business planning workday with ActionCOACH. With their permission, I raised money for a charity they support, B1G1. One participant, Mason Tikkanen of Motus Financial, bought a pack of Extra Spearmint gum for $20. One of my favorite moments was when Mason’s girlfriend heard about the transaction and said, “Mason, I want you to buy me a pack of gum!” Out came another $20 for a single pack. Selling purely for myself was harder. What would make someone spend 25 ¢ per piece of gum (or $1 for 4 pieces) when they could buy a whole pack for $1? I noticed how much more fear came up for me when I was not leaning on charity as a justification for my high prices. I tried “I’m selling gum. How much would you like to buy?” That worked with people who knew what I was up to. In some situations, I promoted the feature of a “variety pack” â€" You could get 4 different flavors of gum for $1. That’s something you don’t get in the stores. And you can’t buy just one piece of gum in the stores either. I got some mileage from that as well as from “I’m doing this for a class.” 10 Sales Lessons from Selling Gum I count my gum selling project as a success. Here’s a list of some of the things I learned, in addition to the above: Relationship is key. People I knew, or who had a common connection with me, were more likely to buy than people I did not know. Sales can build relationship. I had more in-depth conversations with some of the people I sold to than I ever had before. Follow-up is also good for relationship. One woman let me know she didn’t like the gum I sold her. I gave her a couple of free pieces and I had a happy customer! When I’m selling, I often feel very alive as I think of new, creative ideas, especially when they work â€" and I often feel hurt when I experience rejection. This is all part of the game. People spend money when they think they will make someone else happy, or when the money is going to charity. One woman started with a no, but then got excited about wrapping the gum in a bow and give it to her daughter, along with a sweet note. Giving free tastes leads to more sales. Many people do not carry cash, but they will pay by Venmo, PayPal, Chase QuickPay, etc. If they want to buy, they’ll find a way. People don’t buy under pressure. The best time to sell things is when people are hanging around and not trying to get somewhere. If you are a pet owner, be careful if you buy anything with Xylitol. As healthy as Xylitol might be for humans, it’s very harmful to pets! A huge majority of gum chewers want minty gum. That’s why the minty gum is so prominent in drug store aisles. Juicy Fruit just doesn’t take care of coffee breath. It’s often cheaper to buy gum in single packs than in multi-packs. No bulk discounts for consumers in this market. Wanna Play? My gum sales are going to end at the end of the day today, March 20th. You have a chance to buy some gum from me! No obligation of course, but if you think this would be fun, then please play with me! I have flavors like Orbit Wintermint, Extra Spearmint, Trident Strawberry, and Spry Peppermint, Spearmint, and Cinnamon. I’ll get different flavors if they are your favorites. If you’d like to have some fun with gum, pick 4 or more pieces you want and I’ll mail you a special package of your chosen gum. It will be in a cute bag and everything. Minimum purchase is $1 and you can buy as much as you want at minimum 25 ¢/piece. You can pay by Venmo (@Brenda-Bernstein), PayPal (brenda.bernstein@att.net), or Chase QuickPay (brenda.bernstein@att.net). I might be crazy, but life is all about risk, so I’m doing this! Curious to see how you respond.

Interview About A Professional Field - 2194 Words

Interview a Professional in the Field 10/19/2014 For my paper I decided to interview Celia Johnson who is a Pediatric Occupational Therapist at Family Achievement Center’s in Woodbury, MN, one of the two centers my oldest son Ethan attends to get services in Occupational Therapy once a week. As I had the opportunity to chat with her I got to know more of the work she does now and her previous experience working for other centers. 1. My first question to Celia was can you share something about yourself? Celia stated that she is twenty five years of age and she graduated from St. Catherine’s University in the year 2011 with a Master’s degree in Occupational Therapy, since than she has been practicing in her field and loves every minute of it. 2. My second question to Celia was, what made you decide to become a Child and Family Occupational Therapist? As Celia got more comfortable she began to tell me that she first got exposed to the field of occupational therapy through volunteer opportunities, as a high school student. Celia began to volunteer at an assisted living center for elderly people, as well as for the Gillette Children’s rehab facility. She originally went into Occupational Therapy (OT) School thinking she wanted to work with the elderly population. Nonetheless, once she completed her internships she had the chance to get more real-world knowledge experience with a diversity of residents, and establish new relationships working with children andShow MoreRelatedInterview . Interviewee Expertise. M.Lang Has Worked With1079 Words   |  5 PagesInterview Interviewee Expertise M.Lang has worked with older adults in a variety of positions for 7 years. Her educational and professional experiences include working as a physical therapy assistant, assisted living activities director, and activities specialist (M.Lang, personal communication, March 5, 2017). Depending on either her role as director or specialist, the number of clientele served at a time ranged from 20 to 40 individuals from the young old to the oldest of old (M. Lang, personalRead MoreInterview Summary : Style Of Business Writing898 Words   |  4 Pages Interview Summary - The Style of Business Writing Melissa E. de Castro California State University  Interview Summary - The Style of Business Writing As a pre-Business Administration or pre-business student, I interviewed a professor from my department. I conducted a classroom observation of a required Business class. The class was MGMT 102 - Business Communications taught by Randall Benfield, which I thoroughly enjoyed as a visitor. With permission, I interviewed him on Thursday, MarchRead MoreEssay On Graphic Design1049 Words   |  5 PagesGraphic Design is a form of visual communication where one uses images, shapes, colors, and text to convey ideas and concepts. The field of graphic design encompasses many different sub-sections including web design and printmaking, however, the field of graphic design is not very heavy on professional writing. Instead graphic design utilizes images to convey messages and concepts. Throughout this essay I will explore the formatting styles, genres and uses of writing, and how writing and rhetoricalRead MoreThe Medical Social Worker Professional Essay1163 Words   |  5 Pages I interview Ms . Diameteria S. Damon. She is a medical social worker professional. I choose Diameteria because she works in the healthcare industry and she has great experience and knowledge. She has work experience in mental health services, hospice, and children and family services. Diameteria has received a Certificate in North Carolina Child Welfare Collaborative from formal training in multi-systemic family therapy, as well as brief support therapy. Diameteria has an education and professionalRead MoreMy Interview With My Career Essay1537 Words   |  7 Pages Significant Other Interview The first person I decided to interview is my long life friend who I’ve known since kindergarten. His name is Brandon Drucker and we attended the same elementary school, middle school, high school, and are both currently enrolled at Baruch College. After much thought of whom to choose from all people, I came to the conclusion that Brandon would be the best person to give me honest and accurate insight. He has no problem providing straightforward comments or remarks sinceRead MoreSample Resume : Professional Nursing Interview881 Words   |  4 PagesPROFESSIONAL NURSING INTERVIEW For my interview I met with H.R. who has her BSN, and is currently working to complete her degree as a Family Nurse Practitioner. She has been a nurse for three years, most of which has been spent working in surgery in a large hospital. She also hopes to further her education and eventually be teaching future nursing students. The purpose of this paper is to provide an outside view of how someone sees the Nursing profession as a whole. I posed several interviewRead MoreThe Evidence Presented In The UnitS Ir, Addendum, Observations1063 Words   |  5 Pagesthe unit s IR, Addendum, observations by the onsite team, onsite documents provided by the unit or on the OneDrive site, and interviews with unit faculty, school based faculty alumni, and candidates support the continuing effort of the unit to design, implement, and evaluate field and practicum experiences to help candidates develop their knowledge, skills, and professional dispositions. The unit provide opportunities for P-12 school partners, faculty across programs, and secondary and K-12 facultyRead MoreInterview Of A Helping Professional1376 Words   |  6 Pages Interview of a Helping Professional Hui An Old Dominion University Interview of a Helping Professional It should be noticed that in the recent few decades, the science developed at an astonishing pace, and the problem of substance abuse cause a huge public concern. Currently, substance abuse has already become a pandemic around the world. It costs individuals substantially, and it of their family as a whole. It is essential for the society to help those people who struggle withRead MoreWhat Do Tattoos And Piercings Affect The Perception That Prospective Employers870 Words   |  4 Pages What does a professional Medical Assistant wear to work? How about to an interview? And how do tattoos and piercings affect the perception that prospective employers, fellow employees and patients form about an applicant? Manner of dress and personal appearance present a lasting first impression that can counterbalance an outstanding resume, and can make or break the chance to gain employment in the medical field. At Carrington College the dress code includes grey scrubs with the CarringtonRead MoreWriting Assignment : Introduction And Goals911 Words   |  4 PagesWriting Assignment: Introduction and Goals 1. Where are you from originally? Are you currently working? If so, in which field and what position? If not, which field and position would you like to work in? If you’re not sure what you want to do professionally, tell us about that as well. My name is Kelvin Tan. I am from Myanmar aka Burma. Burmese language is my first language other than English. I came to United States 4 years ago with my mother and my brother as an immigrant. I completed my high

The Minor Injuries Of Athletes - 1145 Words

One reoccurring setback athletes obtain regularly, are injuries. Whether major or minor they open a window to more serious threats of damage. Athletes more commonly experience minor injuries, but a few unlucky athletes will experience a major injury causing their season or career to come to an abrupt end. Even though injury is not wished upon by an athlete, great benefits may emerge from these setbacks. The summer of 2014 was the summer I significantly broke my finger. As minor as it sounds, it posed a huge threat to my athletic career. I am a baseball player, an outfielder to be exact, so my hands are what got me to where I am now. It all began on a Tuesday afternoon while swimming at friend Garrett’s house. The greatest part about this was that he has a porch that you can jump from and land in the pool, so I took full advantage of this; consequently, this is where my impulsive decisions bit me in the butt. While standing on his porch, I was preparing to perform the most lege ndary dunk in pool basketball history, a front flip dunk. I eventually scavenged up the courage to do the dunk, so I took the leap of faith. I rotated enough and completed my flip, so the only thing left to do was just dunk the ball. As I was about hit the water I tried to slam the ball as hard as I could; therefore, my left hand pinky hit the side of the rim and pushed it out. I came out of the water groaning in excruciating pain. I was able to move my finger but not a lot. I left Garrett’s houseShow MoreRelatedEssay On Atjus1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe Silent Killer Among Athletes Neurodegenerative diseases among athletes like Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) are far more common among athletes than others. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) a disease which will slowly eat away at all of the muscles in your body, will leave your mind intact, leaving you as a ghost in a shell. 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Now, every goodRead MoreEssay on Running and Over Training1428 Words   |  6 Pages Even though some experts believe that excessive running is detrimental to the human body, and others believe any amount of running is one of the key components in most athletes, Still others believe that moderation between both extremes can benefit your sport. Running may have a heavier toll on the body than any other sport, literally. With each stride, force of two to three times the bodies weight is hammered on the joint, muscles, and tendons. How much running is â€Å"too much† running? isRead MoreSports Injuries : Is It Worth The Hit?982 Words   |  4 PagesAthletes everywhere suffer from some kind of injury at some point of their athletic career. There are a variety of injuries and they can range from minor to severe. In many circumstances the recovering process can take a toll on the body. In severe cases, usually those pertaining to the head, the results from such injuries can be not only physically but psychologically. The 2 main injuries that will be covered throughout this paper will touch the surface of a few problems an athlete can endureRead MoreConcussions Are Minor Traumatic Brain Injuries Caused By Bumping The Head1231 Words   |  5 PagesPatho: Concussions are minor traumatic brain injuries caused by bumping the head. The action taking place that causes a concussion is when the brain bounces around in the skull causing minor to major bruising. This causes chemical changes in the brain and leaves the damaged areas in the brain vulnerable to permanent damage if injured again. 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Injuries related to sport can lead to loss of life, body parts or career depending on the severity of the accident. Sport injuries have several negative impacts on the physical, mental, social ability of athletes. To accomplish the paper appropriately some real-life examples have been included in this research, for illustration. For better

Slaves in the Ottoman Empire Free Essays

The Ottoman Empire existed from year 1453 to 1923 and was one of the largest and most well organized empires in world history. The Ottomans were very successful and conquered enormous territories with their large and professional standing armies. The Ottoman Empire was a slave society and slavery was very popular among the Ottomans. We will write a custom essay sample on Slaves in the Ottoman Empire or any similar topic only for you Order Now The sultan owned all property and had enormous power, and that was partly because he had so many slaves. That gave him much more control than if he had hired freemen, since slaves were always loyal but freemen could not be trusted in the same way.Islamic law regulates all aspects of the slave’s status. It lays down the obligations of masters and slaves and determines the relations between them. The law commends manumission but does not require it. No distinction is made between types of slaves — such as according to color, function, or origin of servile state. During the early period of Islam, most of the slaves were prisoners-of-war captured by the victorious Muslim armies. With the stabilization of the frontiers,†¦ this situation changed and many of the captives were exchanged or ransomed.Since the Sharia forbids the enslavement of free-born Muslims and Zimmis (protected minorities) who do not violate the conditions of their status, and since the various mechanisms of manumission and the absence of slave-breeding practices limited the ability of the slave population to reproduce itself, slaves had to be recruited from outside the Islamic world. Slaves in the Ottoman empire in general were brought from Eastern Europe and parts of Southern Russia. In the Islamic world slavery had religious rather than racial connotations, with most of the slaves in Ottoman history being Christians. The Ottomans had many European and Central Asian â€Å"Mameluk† slaves and the elite Janissary troops of the Ottoman army were all Christian-born slaves taken mostly from the Balkans Male and female slaves in the Ottoman Empire; what their status and rights were, what work they had to do and who they were. Most male slaves did military service. They were either bought from Spain, North Africa or Venice, captured in battle or acquired through devshirme. Devshirme was a system by which young Christians were recruited for the army or the imperial civil service.The sultan had agents that searched for promising Christian children who they then converted to Islam and trained to be janissary soldiers. But the best of these children, in terms of physique, intelligence and other qualities, were selected for education in the palace school, where they instead were trained for civil service. There were also some slaves who were personal servants or bodyguards. The sultan had slaves called â€Å"agents† who took care of his administrative and financial affairs, and these agents were actually the ruling class of the Ottoman society.They had the authority to collect revenues and their main function was to expand the wealth of the empire. Major slave import routes, 19 th Ottoman Empire Female slaves were mostly concubines or servants of their owners’ wives. Slave concubinage was the central element of Ottoman reproductive policy and most sultans never married. They did not have to because in Muslim law a child held the legal status of his father and therefore a slave concubine’s sons could claim the throne just as well as the sons of the sultan’s wife or a freewoman.The slave concubines lived in the harems and if a concubine gave birth to a child she then took care of it until it, if it was a boy, became about ten years old, or if it was a girl, got married. A boy would then be given a province to govern and the mo ther would look after him and make sure that he behaved well. Some female slaves were given as gifts from lower officials to their superiors, for example the sultan, so that the lower officials would gain more status. There were not many powerful women in the Ottoman Empire, but one called Hurrem, or later Roxelana, has become quite famous.She was a Russian slave who was purchased for Suleiman’s harem and she soon became the sultan’s favorite slave. They had five children, four of them which were sons, and after a time Suleiman visited only her. About eight years later he married her and Hurrem became the first woman who went from slave concubine to legal wife. An Ottoman source of the early 17th century explains the exemption of Muslim Turks from the Devshirme: â€Å"If they were to become slaves of the sultan, they would abuse this privilege. Their relatives in the provinces would oppress the reaya and not pay taxes. They would oppose the sanjak beyis and become rebels. But if the Christian children accept Islam, they become zealous in the faith and enemies of their relatives. † The government considered the Devshirme as an extraordinary levy on the reaya (tax paying subject) not as the enslavement of its own subjects. There were levies every three to seven years, according to need. (Estimates very from 1000 to 3000 taken annually) When the youths arrived in Istanbul the best of them were selected as pages for the Palace. .. They then went to Palaces in Istanbul and Edirne to receive a special training, while the remainder were hired out†¦ to Turkish villagers in Anatolia before entering the January corps. According to Ottoman sources, Mehmed the Conqueror established this practice which was intended to teach the boys the Turkish language and Turkish customs. .. . European observes record that the temperament and capabilities of each boy were carefully considered.Those who showed an ability in the religious sciences prepared for the religious professions; those proficient in the scribal arts prepared for a career in the bureaucracy. According to (one writer) who had himself been a page, the Palace education aimed to produce â€Å"the warrior statesman and loyal Muslim who at the same time should be a man of letters and polished speech, profound courtesy and honest morals†. But its fundamental aim was to instill complete obedience and loyalty to the sultan. Slavery in the Ottoman Empire has been stated as comparatively mild, which is quite true.Great men (such as the sultan) cared much about their own safety and wanted a big and loyal slave household, and therefore they treated their slaves well and with kindness. Some slaves were actually wealthy and had slave households of their own, which proves that a slave career in the Ottoman Empire could be rather advantageous. People did not look down on slaves as if they were worth less, like it was the case in many other places in the world. Sometimes Christian parents even bribed the government to make them accept their children as slaves, since that meant social advancement for the children.Female slaves were sometimes abused by their owners though, but the mere fact that cases of such problems have been found in high court records tells us that slaves had quite an unusual position in the Ottoman society. Slave owners did apparently not have the right to do whatever they wanted with their slaves, even though they owned them. Ottomans had no history of segregation on racial grounds and many of those both black and white who were the descendants of slaves have intermarried with the Ottoman population.To sum it up, the male slaves in the Ottoman Emp ire were janissary soldiers, bodyguards, personal servants or civil service workers. Many of them were Christians who had been acquired through a system called devshrime when they were young. The female slaves in the Ottoman Empire were either slave concubines in the harem or servants of their owners’ legal wife/wives. The slaves in the Ottoman Empire were not at the bottom of the society, they did actually have some status and many of them were wealthy.Slaves could even have their own slaves and gain power in the society. Slaves were accepted by the people and they sometimes had advantageous positions. It happened that Christian parents wanted their children to become slaves and they paid the government so that they would enslave their children. Though, after all they were slaves and they could not decide over their own life or do what they wanted to do, and it can be questioned if it really was something positive to be a slave. By Recep MAZ How to cite Slaves in the Ottoman Empire, Papers

U. S Postal Service

The United States Postal service is one of the most independent state corporations in the US and the only provider of postal services in the states. The organization is one of the few established institutions from the US constitution in 1775 by a decree of the 2nd continental congress (Ferrara, 1990, p. 11). Nonetheless, the state corporation has undergone structural and functional changes especially outlined by the Postal Reorganizational Act.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on U. S Postal Service specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Unique to this institution is its independence from federal funding because since the early eighties, the US postal service has not received state funding. Nonetheless, this fact stands true with the exception of subsidies the state corporation receives with regard to disabled persons and voters residing overseas. Another notable exception is its recent borrowing of funds from the treasury to cover its financial deficits (Herr, 2010). A major cause of its financial troubles has been the constant decline of mail volumes over the past few years because of information technology advancements, prompting the corporation to cut back on a few functional areas to maintain sound financial health. The corporation currently employs approximately 596,000 workers in the US which makes it the second largest employers of civilians after Wal-Mart, although it operates one of the largest fleet of civilian vehicles in the world; considering it has over 218,000 vehicles (Herr, 2010, p. 2). The US postal service currently has a duty to deliver packages to all Americans regardless of their locality and at uniform price; although some of its greatest competitors are private delivery companies. Considering the outstanding success as one of the few state organizations that barely rely on state funding, this study seeks to explore different aspects to this occurrence. More comprehen sively, this study notes that Organizational design and effective control processes in the U.S. Postal  Service have made it an extremely efficient organization since it is the only  government organization that operates on its own revenue, without government  funds. Governance and Organization The Board of governors of the US mail service act as the sole body that regulates rates, policies and procedures of the state corporation because their role is almost comparable to that of a corporate Board of Directors board. Eleven members sit at the board but nine of them are appointed by the president and approved by the senate; after which the nine members appoint the Post master General who operates as the corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and at the same time, acts as the tenth member of the board. When they are complete as ten members of the board, they appoint the eleventh member as the deputy post master general whose role is outlined by the position of the Chief op erating Officer (Herr, 2010).Advertising Looking for research paper on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most often than not, the US mail service is often assumed to be a fully owned government corporation but from the above description, the corporation is an independent entity, although established by the executive wing of government. Government influence can therefore be defined through the presidential appointees who control the day to day operations of the corporation. The relation with the government as a quasi governmental agency gives the corporation unique powers because in its operation, it enjoys sovereign immunity, eminent domain powers, the power to strike agreements with several other corporations (overseas) and of course, the privilege of delivering 1st class and 3rd class mails (Herr, 2010, p. 5). To attest to the independence of the corporation, the US Supreme Court through a ruling in 2004 termed the corporation as a separate entity, free from government ownership. This was in reference to a lawsuit to be governed by the Sherman Antitrust Act but which didn’t go through because of the Supreme Court ruling. The Supreme Court also ruled that the corporation is the only organization that has the statutory monopoly of accessing letter boxes under the First Amendment freedom of speech which makes it illegal for persons other than agents of the US mail service to deliver mails to letter boxes marked the â€Å"US Mail service†. With regard to its corporate clients, the US mail service has a unique advisory body called the Mailers’ Technical Advisory Committee which assists the corporation meet the needs of its corporate clients (Herr, 2010). The structures above have greatly ensured efficiency is upheld in the corporation. Monopoly and Overseas Operations A great factor that contributes to the success of the US mail service is the granting of monopoly f or all mail service by the US federal government. According to Government policy, it is illegal to establish a parallel mail service regardless of whether it is public or private; thereby enforcing the monopoly the US Mail service has in America. Moreover, the federal government has given the state corporation powers to determine whether another entity is going to compete with it or not; however, the US mail service has established an exception for other mail service companies to deliver mails which are extremely urgent. In spite of the fact that the core mandate for the US mail service is to provide mail service to all Americans at affordable rates, the dimensions to these provisions are greatly undefined because part of its scope entails many aspects to mail service delivery such as geographical scope, quality of service, frequency of delivery among other dimensions. Despite other mail service companies providing a universal mail service, the US mail service still stands out becau se it provides the same service at very affordable rates.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on U. S Postal Service specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Proponents of the US postal service monopoly identify that since there is a need to justify the affordable rates the corporation gives Americans, the guaranteed monopoly by the state is in place to ensure it sustains its universal operations. This system has been in place for more than ten decades now. This monopoly can be analyzed in two perspectives because it contains the Private express statutes and the Mail box Access rule which also greatly increases the corporation’s potential in providing affordable universal mail service. If for example the Private Express mail service provision were to be done away with and the Universal mail service maintained, then the US mail service would need federal funding to the tune of billions of dollars of tax payersâ €™ money. However, since the universal operating service is quickly changing due to globalization pressures, there is an increasing pressure to change existing policies regarding operations of the Universal mail service. Nonetheless, many economists and professionals are of the opinion that rigid policies and regulations on universal mail service need to be relaxed or the entire service privatized altogether. However, there are still rigid objections to the privatization of mail service in America because many are of the opinion that privatizing the mail service would lock out rural Americans or those from lower classes. Sorting and Delivery Process The sorting and delivery process of the US Mail service is highly automated to increase the efficiency of the organization’s operations. These activities happen at the Process and distribution centers where over 275 such centers have been established countrywide and mails are sorted from a locality of about 200 mile radius (He rr, 2010). At the processing and distribution centers, the mails are usually emptied into hampers through automated techniques then later, a sorting process is initiated to separate large mails from small mails. The initial process had a lot of inconsistencies because it was done manually by stamping postage stamps; thereby missing many inappropriately placed stamps, but now, the corporation uses the Advanced Facer canceller system which is much more efficient (Herr, 2010, p. 20). The mails are therefore categorized into three categories including mails which are fixed by a bar code, mails which have a typed address and mails that have handwritten addresses. The US Mail service now uses machines which have the Optical character technique which is able to read the mails regardless of whether the addresses have been typed or hand written; after which it then sorts the mails into their respective zip codes. Mails which have been written in a hand written format therefore go through the Optical character reader which sorts the mails according to the zip code; later it prints a barcode which goes through the remote bar coding system to be sorted out into respective locations. This system continues into a series of automated processes that pass through the remote encoding centers, and later, fluorescent bar codes and delivery barcodes are imprinted on the mail envelopes before transportation to final destinations.Advertising Looking for research paper on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From these processes, we can deduce the fact that the US postal service operations are highly automated to keep up with the demands of the current technological environment which emphasizes on efficiency. This has been one of the core reasons why the US postal service has been able to stay afloat in light of tremendous technological advancement. Keeping it Simple The US postal service has been able to maintain a fairly simple strategic forecast plan which greatly eases its operations into efficient structures of performance. This is in contrast to the opinions held by major organizations regarding multiple strategic objectives for success. Kent Smith, the General Manager (cited in Creelman, 2010) affirms that after factoring in the size of the corporation, putting up a few strategies was ideal for efficiency. He further affirms that â€Å"Simplicity has been vital as we have had to communicate performance to a large number of employees and millions of customers. This requires limit ing the number of top-level goals and metrics, which also provides clarity and focus† (Creelman, 2010, p. 3). As a result of the incorporation of simple strategies, the US mail service has been able to maintain a commendable scorecard regarding overnight delivery of mails. Its success has been compared to IBM Consulting services which was ranked on its 86% service delivery as compared to US mail’s 95% (under the same parameters). Benchmarking and Monitoring Performance The US Postal service has been able to categorize its performance into three portals which act as the criteria to awarding of performance points. Firstly, the organization awards itself points for meeting the organizational goals and secondly for transcending them. There is a third category through which no point allocation is made because it is a non-contributor category and people who fall in this category face disciplinary measures that are suited to their shortcomings. The point allocation is done out of a possible 100 points at three levels which encompass the national level, operational category and individual category (Creelman, 2010). According to the management, establishing such a control measure has been effective because everyday, new measures are proposed and this may cause confusion within the corporation. Smith further explains that: â€Å"To keep the scorecard simple and balanced, the general rule is that if something is added then something must be taken away†¦.this helps people focus on the real value of the measure compared to metrics we already have. This we find to be a much more useful discipline than just adding new measures on an ongoing basis as such complexity would lessen the effectiveness of the framework† (Creelman, 2010, p. 7). Nonetheless, the management confesses that weighting discipline and performance is not an easy task. Smith also explains that: â€Å"We have learnt that in the weighting, if a goal or metric falls below five per cent then people stop paying attention to it. So it’s a challenge to balance the metrics to a level that represents their contribution and ensures that they are seen as important† (Creelman, 2010, p. 7). Collectively, these measures have been able to assist the organization benchmark their performance and improve the overall profitability of the organization. Scorecard Devolution The US mail service has been able to achieve a balanced performance scorecard through its hierarchical managerial structure from the top management to supervisory levels. Key in this strategy has been to customize the process so that the needs of the typical consumer are reflected on the scorecard. For instance, from top managerial level expectations of â€Å"high standard service delivery†, the organization is able to apply the same standards for its overnight and daytime parcels respectively. More weight would therefore fall at the functional level because departmental and operational leve ls would be at the forefront in ensuring logistical strategies are operational, especially to weak areas of service delivery. The company’s management explains that â€Å"The scorecard is narrowly defined for a supervisor, and more expansive as it is applied up the organization through postmaster, district level manager, area manager or vice-president level† (Creelman, 2010, p. 8). Conclusion For more than two decades now, the US postal service has been able to finance its operations without the financial assistance of the federal government. This study identifies that the corporation has been able to achieve this high level of success because of its efficiency and control mechanisms that have ensured the operations of the corporation are up to speed with today’s dynamic business environment. Complimentarily, the corporation has been boosted by existing laws that ensure it receives minimal if any competition at all because of the policies that uphold monopoly. A t the same time, the company’s efforts to automate its operations have greatly improved its efficiency. Its benchmarking and monitoring efforts have also ensured the corporation is in a highly performing condition. These among other complimentary strategies affirm that organizational design and effective control processes in the U.S. Postal  Service have made it an extremely efficient organization to support its independence from federal funding. References Creelman, J. (2010). The United States Postal Service. Web. Ferrara, P. (1990). Free The Mail: Ending The Postal Monopoly. New York: Cato Institute. Herr, P. (2010). U. S. Postal Service: Strategies and Options to Facilitate Progress Toward Financial Viability. New York: DIANE Publishing. This research paper on U. S Postal Service was written and submitted by user Boomer to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.